a focused student sits at a desk trying to read an open book with a pencil in hand. Suddenly, other students behind him start laughing loudly and chatting while pointing at something funny on a phone. The studying student's head turns away from his book toward the noise with a frustrated expression. His pencil stops moving and his finger loses its place on the page. The noisy students continue their animated conversation, completely unaware of the disruption they're causing. attention being taken away from the important task due to external interruptions